Occlusion

Proper occlusion is essential for the healthy function of the masticatory system, which includes teeth, muscles, temporomandibular joints (TMJ), and surrounding tissues. When the teeth meet in a balanced way, bite forces are evenly distributed, protecting the teeth and supporting structures.

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) refers to a group of signs and symptoms affecting the temporomandibular joint and the muscles associated with it. Common symptoms include headaches, ear and neck pain, limited mouth opening, clicking sounds, and discomfort when opening or closing the mouth.

Abnormal tooth wear is often observed in cases related to muscle hyperactivity in this area.

TMD can occur in patients who grind or clench their teeth (bruxism), those who have suffered facial trauma affecting the jaw, patients with malocclusion or incorrect positioning of the jaw bones, and in individuals with systemic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or other diseases affecting the TMJ-supporting tissues.

Treatment for temporomandibular disorder may include medications to relieve symptoms, protective devices (occlusal splints for bruxism), physiotherapy and thermotherapy, acupuncture, biofeedback (functional electrical stimulation) – GrindCare – or even surgery. Surgical intervention, however, is reserved for specific and advanced cases.

Treatment should always begin with the most conservative approach possible, with surgery considered only for more severe or persistent cases.